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Detection of freezing of gait episodes in patients with parkinson's disease using electroencephalography and motion sensors: A protocol and its feasibility results
Ugur Eliiyi1, Turhan Kahraman2, Arzu Genç3, Pembe Keskinoglu4, Ahmet Özkurt5, Berril Çolakoglu Dönmez6
1 Department of Business, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
2 Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
3 Department of Neurologic Physiotherapy-Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
4 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
5 Department of Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
6 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
Correspondence Address:
Turhan Kahraman
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir
Turkey
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/nsn.nsn_104_22
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Objective: Freezing of gait (FOG) is an important concern for both patients with Parkinson's disease (pwPD) and physicians. In this study, we aimed to introduce a study protocol and our initial data. The data were subsequently used in machine learning models to detect FOG episodes using brain activity signals and motion data in the laboratory setting using complex FOG-evoking activities in a sample of pwPD with and without FOG compared with age-matched healthy controls. Subjects and Methods: An experimental task to evoke a FOG episode was designed. This experimental task was tested on two pwPD with FOG in “on” and “off” periods and one healthy control. Brain activity signals and motion data were collected simultaneously using electroencephalography (EEG) and inertial measurement units (IMUs). Results: The whole procedure took about 2 h, during which around 30 min were spent on walking tasks, involving 35 complete tours in the designed 8-m hallway by pwPD. Both EEG and IMUs sensor data could be collected, accompanied by FOG episode data marked by the neurologist. The video recordings of the patient's walking tasks were checked and reanalyzed by the neurologist sometime after the data experiment for marking the beginnings and ends of the observed FOG episodes more precisely. In the end, 24 stops were marked as FOG, which corresponded to 11% of the sensor data collected during the walking tasks. Conclusion: The designed FOG-evoking task protocol could be performed without any adverse effects, and it created enough FOG episodes for analysis. EEG and motion sensor data could be successfully collected without any significant artifacts.
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